Understanding PCOS: What You Need to Know

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects how the ovaries function. It often shows up during a woman's reproductive years and can lead to symptoms like irregular periods, acne, weight gain, and difficulty getting pregnant. While it can be challenging, PCOS is manageable with the right approach.

What Is PCOS?

PCOS is caused by an imbalance in hormones, particularly higher levels of male hormones (androgens). This can disrupt ovulation and sometimes cause multiple small follicles to form in the ovaries. However, not all women with PCOS have cysts, and not all ovarian cysts mean you have PCOS—it's more about hormone levels than ovarian appearance.

Common Symptoms of PCOS

PCOS symptoms vary but often include:

• Irregular or absent periods

• Excess facial or body hair (especially on the chin, chest, or stomach)

• Persistent acne

• Thinning hair or scalp hair loss

• Weight gain or trouble losing weight

• Dark patches of skin (neck, groin, or underarms)

• Fertility challenges

• Mood swings, anxiety, or irritability

If you notice several of these, a medical checkup is a good next step.

Why Does PCOS Happen?

The exact cause isn't fully understood, but these factors may contribute:

• Hormonal imbalance: Too much androgen disrupts ovulation.

• Insulin resistance: Can lead to excess androgen production.

• Genetics: PCOS may run in families.

• Inflammation: Chronic low-grade inflammation may play a role.

How PCOS Is Diagnosed

Doctors usually assess:

• Menstrual and medical history

• Hormone levels through blood tests

• Ultrasound of the ovaries

A diagnosis typically requires at least two of these: irregular periods, signs of high androgen levels, or polycystic ovaries.

Managing PCOS

While there's no cure, PCOS can be managed effectively:

1. Healthy Lifestyle Habits

   • Eat whole, balanced meals (vegetables, lean protein, whole grains).

   • Exercise regularly to support hormone balance and insulin function.

2. Medical Treatments

   • Birth control pills to regulate periods and hormones.

   • Metformin to help with insulin resistance.

   • Fertility medications if you're trying to conceive.

   • Specific treatments for acne or excess hair, like creams or laser therapy.

3. Mental Well-being

   • Stress from PCOS is common. Mindfulness, therapy, and journaling can help manage mood and anxiety.

4. Skin and Hair Care

   • Dermatologist-recommended treatments can help with acne or unwanted hair growth.

Living Well with PCOS